Carol Shaughnessy | Jan. 7, 2009
First-time visitors to the Florida Keys comment almost immediately on the island chain’s unique laid-back atmosphere. And no wonder — it’s a world away from the bustling big cities and theme parks that define other parts of Florida.
In fact, it’s the kind of atmosphere that lured famed novelist Ernest Hemingway to make Key West his home throughout the 1930s, and provided the inspiration he needed to write many of his most famous works.
Beginning just south of Miami, the Florida Keys are connected by the Overseas Highway’s 43 bridges — one stretching almost seven miles — over the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico.
Almost everywhere in the Keys, the view is dominated by emerald-green harbors, deep-blue seas, nodding palms and mangroves spreading twisted aerial roots. Inhabitants include white herons, roseate spoonbills, pelicans, sea gulls, ospreys and countless underwater creatures. The coastal waters surrounding the 125-mile island chain, and the coral reef that parallels it, have been designated the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.
The Keys are divided into five regions: Key Largo, Islamorada, Marathon, Big Pine and the Lower Keys, and Key West. Each has its own special flavor, attractions including historic museums, seafood restaurants, fishing, diving, watersports and boutique-type shopping experiences.
Key Largo
The longest island in the Keys, Key Largo lent its name to the famous movie starring Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall — and, in fact, portions of the movie were filmed there. Bogart’s Key Largo connection lives on even today, since visitors can see the African Queen, the actual boat the actor skippered in the movie of the same name.
But Key Largo’s star attraction is John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park — the first underwater preserve in the United States — now incorporated into the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. These protected areas feature 55 varieties of delicate corals and more than 600 different species of fish.
Pennekamp Park’s water-related activities include scuba, snorkeling and glass-bottom boat excursions to the reef. Off-park dive charter companies also conduct dive sojourns — and a few even feature underwater weddings.
After the wedding reception, newlyweds can choose to remain submerged for their honeymoon at an underwater motel in Key Largo, with full amenities among the Keys’ marine life.
Key Largo also is home to the Spiegel Grove, a retired U.S. Navy ship that’s one of the largest vessels in the world ever scuttled to create an artificial reef.
Islamorada
Islamorada is the centerpiece of a group of islands called the “purple isles.” Legend says Spanish explorers named the area from “morado,” the Spanish word for purple — either for the violet sea snail or the purple bougainvillea flowers found there.
Known as the Sport-Fishing Capital of the World, Islamorada features the Keys’ largest fleet of offshore charter boats and shallow-water “backcountry” boats. Scores of celebrities visit Islamorada each year to compete in fund-raising fishing tournaments.
The Keys boast more sport-fishing world records than any other fishing destination in the world, according to the International Game Fish Association. Anglers can find sailfish, marlin, dolphin (the fish, not the mammal), kingfish, snapper, barracuda and grouper in the ocean. Tarpon, bonefish, redfish and other species can be found in shallow coastal waters.
Marathon
Home to the Seven Mile Bridge, Marathon is centrally located between Key Largo and Key West. It’s home to Crane Point, a 63.5-acre land tract that’s one of the most important historical and archaeological sites in the Keys. Crane Point contains evidence of pre-Columbian and prehistoric Bahamian artifacts, and was once the site of an entire Indian village.
Marathon also features Dolphin Research Center, one of several Keys facilities where visitors can swim and interact with the friendly, intelligent marine mammals. Reservations for the dolphin encounter programs must be made in advance, and participants must follow strict guidelines to safeguard the wellbeing of both dolphins and humans.
A drive across the new Seven Mile Bridge, the longest segmental bridge in the world, leads to the Lower Keys. But don’t pass up the chance to explore Pigeon Key, a small island below the middle of the old Seven Mile Bridge (accessible from a visitor center at the west end of Marathon).
In the early 1900s, Pigeon Key housed workers who were building the Overseas Railroad from mainland Florida to Key West. Essentially unchanged since then, the tiny island is a historic treasure complete with a museum chronicling the construction of the Seven Mile Bridge.
Big Pine Key and the Lower Keys
The sheer sweep of the Straits of Florida and the Gulf of Mexico can be seen from the Bahia Honda Bridge. Bahia Honda State Park, whose beach was named one of America’s top 10 by several travel studies, is a prime example of the Lower Keys’ pristine beauty.
The Lower Keys are also known for Looe Key Reef, one of the most spectacular shallow-water dive experiences anywhere. West of Looe Key, the 210-foot island freighter Adolphus Busch Senior rests on the ocean bottom as an artificial reef, providing habitat for marine life and a fascinating dive experience.
In addition, Big Pine Key features a national refuge for miniature Key deer, shy creatures about the size of a large dog. Popular nature tours, many by kayak, offer unforgettable opportunities for viewing the unique plants and animals that flourish in the Lower Keys.
Key West
Key West, where the land meets the sea amid 19th-century charm and contemporary attractions, is continental America’s southernmost city — located closer to Cuba than to Miami. It features picturesque palm-shaded streets, ornate hundred-year-old mansions and a relaxed citizenry of self-styled “conchs” (pronounced “konks”).
This 2-by-4-mile island has probably nurtured the talents of more writers per capita than any other U.S. city. Ernest Hemingway’s former home is open as a museum, and literally scores of published authors live in Key West either full- or part-time. The island is equally noted for its artistic community — with dozens of galleries exhibiting artwork in varying styles and mediums.
Every evening in Key West, visitors and residents gather at Mallory Square to experience the “sunset celebration.” Musicians, jugglers, mimes and other performers entertain while the sun sinks below the horizon as cruise boats sail by in Key West Harbor.
Food in the island city is as enticing as the sunset. Cuisine choices are widely varied, but most restaurants feature great regional seafood such as sweet pink shrimp, Florida lobster, local fish and stone crab claws — and Key lime pie is a heavenly end to any meal.
Want to know more about the Florida Keys & Key West? Keep reading this blog to discover the people, places, events and flavor that make the island chain so appealing.
Topics: Big Pine Key & Lower Keys, Florida Keys, Highlights, Islamorada, Key Largo, Key West, Keys Environment, Marathon